Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) refer to a type of engineered systems that integrate physical and computational components to enable communication, coordination, and control between the physical and virtual worlds. CPS are characterized by their ability to sense, analyze, and actuate physical processes in real time, using networked computational elements that interact with the physical world. CPS is also often referred to as Internet of Things (IoT) systems, as they typically involve the connectivity of physical objects to the Internet, enabling them to exchange data and collaborate with other systems.
CPS can be found in various application domains, such as smart cities, smart manufacturing, transportation systems, energy systems, healthcare, agriculture, and many others. They involve the use of sensors, actuators, embedded systems, communication networks, and software algorithms to monitor, control, and optimize physical processes. CPS often leverage advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, cloud computing, edge computing, and big data analytics to enable real-time decision-making, automation, and optimization of physical processes.
CPS have a wide range of potential benefits, including increased efficiency, improved safety, enhanced sustainability, better resource management, increased automation, and improved decision-making. However, they also present challenges related to security, privacy, reliability, interoperability, and ethical considerations due to their interconnected nature and potential impacts on society and the physical world.
Research and development in CPS involve interdisciplinary approaches that combine expertise from areas such as computer science, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, control systems, data science, and domain-specific knowledge. CPS are a rapidly evolving field with increasing applications and are expected to have a significant impact on various industries and domains in the future.
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